ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare ocular surface parameters in rosacea patients with those of controls. Methods: Ninety-three participants took part in this cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional study. These consisted of a rosacea group (n=40) and a control group (n=53). We compared objective parameters of the ocular surface, including conjunctival hyperemia, tear film stability and volume, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye disease, and ocular surface staining, between the two groups. Results: In the rosacea group, 69.23% were female. The mean age was 47.34 ± 12.62 years old. No statistically significant differences between groups were found in visual acuity (p=0.987), tear film parameters (tear meniscus height (p=0.338), noninvasive tear film rupture time (p=0.228), invasive rupture time (p=0.471), Schirmer’s test scores (p=0.244), conjunctival hyperemia (p=0.106), and fluorescein staining (p=0.489). Significant differences were found in meibography evaluations (p=0.026), mucous layer integrity (p=0.015), and ocular surface symptoms (p<0.0001). Rosacea patients also showed important eyelid differences in glandular expressibility (p<0.001), glandular secretion pattern (p<0.001), and telangiectasia (p<0.001) compared to controls. Conclusion: Meibomian gland dysfunction is frequently associated with dermatological conditions. It can be observed in morphological findings from meibography as well as lipid secretion impairment, leading to evaporative dry eye, ocular surface dysfunction, and inflammation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações da superfície ocular em pacientes com Rosácea, e comparar com grupo controle. Métodos: Noventa e três indivíduos foram selecionados para este estudo transversal, observacional e não intervencionista, dividido em dois grupos: rosácea (n=40) e controles (n=53). Foram avaliados parâmetros objetivos da superfície ocular (hiperemia conjuntival, estabilidade e volume do filme lacrimal, disfunção da glândula meibomiana, doença do olho seco, coloração da superfície ocular) e comparado indivíduos saudáveis com pacientes com rosácea. Resultados: 69,23% dos indivíduos com rosácea eram mulheres, com média de idade de 47,34 ± 12,62 anos. Em comparação com controles pareados, não foram evidenciadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação à acuidade visual (p=0,987) e parâmetros do filme lacrimal (altura do menisco lacrimal (p=0,338), tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal não invasivo (p=0,228), tempo invasivo de ruptura (p=0,471) e teste de Schirmer (p=0,244), bem como hiperemia conjuntival (p=0,106) e coloração com fluoresceína (p=0,489). Associação significativa foi encontrada na avaliação da meibografia (p=0,026), integridade da camada mucosa (p=0,015) e sintomas de superfície ocular (p<0,0001). Pacientes com rosácea também apresentaram alterações importantes na borda palpebral: expressibilidade glandular (p<0,001), padrão de secreção glandular (p<0,001) e telangiectasia (p<0,001). Conclusão: A disfunção da glândula de Meibômio está frequentemente associada a condições dermatológicas e é caracterizada por achados morfológicos na meibografia, bem como comprometimento da secreção lipídica que leva ao olho seco evaporativo e alterações da superfície ocular e inflamação.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess seed health and the effect of plant extracts on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum mycelial growth and sporulation, plant pathogen reduction in seeds and fusariosis control in okra seedlings. Health was assessed by the Blotter Test, after immersing the seeds in natural extracts and plating. To verify the mycelial growth of the plant pathogen, the extracts were incorporated in PDA culture medium and the pathogen was added and assessed, including the spore count. In the greenhouse, the seeds were immersed in the extracts, sown and at 15 days they were sprayed with extracts, at 21 days inoculated with the pathogen and disease severity on the seedlings was assessed 7 days later. There were higher incidences of Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer in the seeds of the cultivars Valença and Santa Cruz 47. The extracts that resulted in lower pathogen incidence was basil, in cv. Valença and cinnamon and neem, in cv. Santa Cruz 47. The neem treatment presented the best inhibition percentage and the lowest sporulation mean in mycelial growth of the pathogen. Neem presented higher disease incidence control in the seedlings of cv. Valença and basil on the seedlings of cv. Santa Cruz 47.

Resumen Introducción: una ingesta adecuada de calcio es fundamental durante todo el curso de la vida. A pesar de esto, el consumo mundial de calcio es deficiente. En Centroamérica se tienen pocos datos sobre el tema. Objetivo: evaluar el consumo diario de calcio en la población adulta de Costa Rica y Panamá. Métodos: se realizó una encuesta a la población adulta (> 18 años) en ambos países. En aquellos sujetos que aceptaron ser encuestados, se aplicó un cuestionario específicamente diseñado para el estudio con información demográfica, estilos de vida y dieta. Se utilizó la calculadora de calcio de la International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) para cuantificar su ingesta de calcio. Resultados: el estudio incluyó a 1189 participantes, el 50 % eran hombres. La mediana de la ingesta de calcio fue de 862 mg/d (RIC: 650,5 a 1115) en Costa Rica y de 825,5 mg/d (RIC: 579,75 a 1029,2) en Panamá. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la ingesta de calcio y el grupo de edad en los costarricenses, mientras que en la población panameña se encontraron diferencias en la ingesta de calcio de acuerdo con el nivel educativo. Conclusiones: este estudio es el primero realizado en América Central con la calculadora de calcio de la IOF. Nuestro estudio muestra que la ingesta de calcio es deficiente en Costa Rica y Panamá. Es necesario establecer campañas educativas en ambos países para corregir esta deficiencia.

Abstract Introduction: calcium intake is fundamental over the whole life cycle; despite this, the world consumption of calcium is deficient. In Central America, there is little data on calcium intake. Objective: to evaluate daily calcium intake in the adult population of Costa Rica and Panama. Methods: an adult's population (> 18) survey was conducted in both countries. A questionnaire specifically design for the study was applied to subjects that were willing to participate after they signed of the informed consent form. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) calcium calculator was used to quantify their calcium intake. Results: the study included 1189 participants, 50 % were men. The median calcium intake was 862 mg/d (IQR, 650.5 to 1115) in Costa Rica and 825.5 mg/d (IQR, 579.75 to 1029.2) in Panama. Significant differences were found between calcium intake and age group in Costa Ricans, while in the Panamanian population differences were found in calcium intake according to educational level. Conclusion: this study is the first one conducted in Central America using the IOF calcium intake calculator. The study shows that calcium intake is deficient in Costa Rica and Panama. It is necessary to establish educational campaigns in both countries to correct this deficiency.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para doenças não transmissíveis e parâmetros do sono em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Consórcio de Coortes RPS, São Luís, Brasil para o seguimento de adolescentes de 18-19 anos (n = 2.515). Os desfechos foram a sonolência diurna excessiva (Escala de Sonolência de Epworth – ESE) e a qualidade do sono (Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh – IQSP). As exposições de interesse foram os fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças não transmissíveis (DNT): tempo de tela, inatividade física, álcool, cigarro, drogas ilícitas, consumo de cafeína, consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar. O excesso de peso foi considerado um possível mediador dessa associação entre as exposições de interesse e os desfechos. Os modelos foram analisados por modelagem com equações estruturais. RESULTADOS A inatividade física (Coeficiente padronizado, CP = 0,112; p = 0,001), maior consumo de álcool (CP = 0,168; p = 0,019) e de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001) foram associados a sonolência diurna excessiva nos adolescentes; a melhor situação socioeconômica também foi associada a este desfecho (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001). A inatividade física (CP = 0,147; p < 0,001) e o maior consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,089; p = 0,003) também se associaram com a qualidade do sono ruim. O excesso de peso não foi mediador e nem associado à qualidade do sono ou à sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT estão associados a piores parâmetros do sono já na adolescência; alertando para um quadro de acúmulos de riscos para distúrbios de sono no futuro.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between modifiable behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases and sleep parameters in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the RPS Cohort Consortium, São Luís, Brazil for the follow-up of adolescents aged 18–19 years (n = 2,515). The outcomes were excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale – ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI). The exposures of interest were the behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): screen time, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, caffeine intake, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Excess weight was considered a possible mediator of this association between the exposures of interest and the outcomes. The models were analyzed by modeling with structural equations. RESULTS Physical inactivity (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.112; p = 0.001), higher consumption of alcohol (SC = 0.168; p = 0.019) and of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001) were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents; better socioeconomic status was also associated with this outcome (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity (SC = 0.147; p < 0.001) and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.089; p = 0.003) were also associated with poor sleep quality. Overweight was neither a mediator nor associated with sleep quality or excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The main modifiable behavioral risk factors for NCDs are associated with worse sleep parameters already in adolescence, which serves as a warning toward the accumulation of risks for sleep disorders in the future.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os efeitos dos sintomas depressivos na infância no desenvolvimento intelectual do adulto jovem. MÉTODOS Estudo realizado com uma coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, composta por 339 participantes avaliados entre 7 e 9 anos e entre 18 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais (escolaridade do adulto jovem, sexo, raça/cor) e variáveis da infância (estado nutricional, sintomas depressivos, função cognitiva, escolaridade do chefe da família e da mãe, renda familiar). Além disso, ocupação do chefe da família, idade da mãe e presença de companheiro foram testadas como determinantes do quociente de inteligência (QI) dos adultos. RESULTADOS A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou redução de 0,342 no desvio-padrão (DP) e -3,83 pontos no QI médio dos adultos (valor de p < 0,001). A função cognitiva na infância apresentou efeito total e direto positivo (coeficiente padronizado [CP] = 0,701; valor de p < 0,001) sobre o QI, elevando 7,84 pontos a cada aumento do nível. Identificou-se efeito indireto positivo do estado nutricional infantil (CP = 0,194; valor de p = 0,045), escolaridade do chefe da família (CP = 0,162; valor de p = 0,036) e da mãe da criança, este último mediado pela função cognitiva na infância (CP = 0,215; valor de p = 0,012) sobre o QI dos jovens. CONCLUSÃO A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou efeito negativo de longo prazo sobre a inteligência, reduzindo a pontuação do QI na idade adulta.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household’s and mother’s education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household’s occupation, mother’s age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults’ intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household’s (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother’s education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood.

The synthesis, characterization, acute toxicity, antitumor activity, and histopathological analysis of a novel dinuclear platinum(2+) complex - [Pt(DACH-κ2N)µ-(C4H2O6-κ4O)Pt(DACH-κ2N)] - is reported. Through acute toxicity tests, it was possible to place the platinum complexes into categories according to the OECD protocol. The dinuclear complex was classified in category 2 (cisplatin - category 1; and oxaliplatin - category 2). Analyzing the interaction between dsDNA and dinuclear complex was observed an Tm increase, suggesting that the dinuclear complex-dsDNA interact probably through of the interstrand form. Evaluations of tumor masses extracted from mice inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma demonstrated a percent of tumor inhibition similar for cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but statistically different and superior for the case of the dinuclear complex. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin showed 41.4 and 40.8% inhibition, respectively, while the dinuclear complex presented 66.3%. The histopathological analysis demonstrated that the group treated with cisplatin showed more significant tissue damage, moderate hepatic steatosis, and nephritis. The livers, spleens, and kidneys of the animals treated with the dinuclear complex were within the normality range with no tissue lesions, and absence of metastasis.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and its C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, and the tumor-stroma ratio using collagen stromal content of breast cancer samples, correlating it with clinicopathological data. METHODS: Through a retrospective cohort study, samples were obtained from female patients, over 18 years of age, with the disease in stages 1–4, who underwent mastectomy or lumpectomy. The biopsies were provided by the Oncology sector of the Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife city, in 2011–2014, including samples of invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or benign changes (fibroadenoma and hypertrophy), which were analyzed between 2020 and 2022 by immunohistochemistry for the expression of stromal cell characteristics. Collagen content was tested by Gomori staining and digital analysis of images. RESULTS: Absence of stromal expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 was associated with longer disease-free survival (disease-free survival=0.481), and expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 was associated with lower disease-free survival. An association was observed between clinicopathological variables and stromal expression of chemokines, that is, an association of stromal C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 with histological grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and an association between C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression and histological grade. Analyses of digital pixels images of collagen and tumor cells showed a lower percentage of collagen in the invasive ductal carcinoma samples (39%), unlike samples without neoplasms (78%). CONCLUSION: Low expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 may be associated with a worse prognosis for breast cancer. Collagen staining analyzed using digital images represents an opportunity for clinical application and is indicative of the prognosis of the tumor microenvironment in breast carcinoma.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household’s and mother’s education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household’s occupation, mother’s age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults’ intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household’s (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother’s education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os efeitos dos sintomas depressivos na infância no desenvolvimento intelectual do adulto jovem. MÉTODOS Estudo realizado com uma coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, composta por 339 participantes avaliados entre 7 e 9 anos e entre 18 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais (escolaridade do adulto jovem, sexo, raça/cor) e variáveis da infância (estado nutricional, sintomas depressivos, função cognitiva, escolaridade do chefe da família e da mãe, renda familiar). Além disso, ocupação do chefe da família, idade da mãe e presença de companheiro foram testadas como determinantes do quociente de inteligência (QI) dos adultos. RESULTADOS A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou redução de 0,342 no desvio-padrão (DP) e -3,83 pontos no QI médio dos adultos (valor de p < 0,001). A função cognitiva na infância apresentou efeito total e direto positivo (coeficiente padronizado [CP] = 0,701; valor de p < 0,001) sobre o QI, elevando 7,84 pontos a cada aumento do nível. Identificou-se efeito indireto positivo do estado nutricional infantil (CP = 0,194; valor de p = 0,045), escolaridade do chefe da família (CP = 0,162; valor de p = 0,036) e da mãe da criança, este último mediado pela função cognitiva na infância (CP = 0,215; valor de p = 0,012) sobre o QI dos jovens. CONCLUSÃO A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou efeito negativo de longo prazo sobre a inteligência, reduzindo a pontuação do QI na idade adulta.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between modifiable behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases and sleep parameters in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the RPS Cohort Consortium, São Luís, Brazil for the follow-up of adolescents aged 18–19 years (n = 2,515). The outcomes were excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale – ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI). The exposures of interest were the behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): screen time, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, caffeine intake, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Excess weight was considered a possible mediator of this association between the exposures of interest and the outcomes. The models were analyzed by modeling with structural equations. RESULTS Physical inactivity (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.112; p = 0.001), higher consumption of alcohol (SC = 0.168; p = 0.019) and of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001) were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents; better socioeconomic status was also associated with this outcome (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity (SC = 0.147; p < 0.001) and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.089; p = 0.003) were also associated with poor sleep quality. Overweight was neither a mediator nor associated with sleep quality or excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The main modifiable behavioral risk factors for NCDs are associated with worse sleep parameters already in adolescence, which serves as a warning toward the accumulation of risks for sleep disorders in the future.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para doenças não transmissíveis e parâmetros do sono em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Consórcio de Coortes RPS, São Luís, Brasil para o seguimento de adolescentes de 18-19 anos (n = 2.515). Os desfechos foram a sonolência diurna excessiva (Escala de Sonolência de Epworth – ESE) e a qualidade do sono (Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh – IQSP). As exposições de interesse foram os fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças não transmissíveis (DNT): tempo de tela, inatividade física, álcool, cigarro, drogas ilícitas, consumo de cafeína, consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar. O excesso de peso foi considerado um possível mediador dessa associação entre as exposições de interesse e os desfechos. Os modelos foram analisados por modelagem com equações estruturais. RESULTADOS A inatividade física (Coeficiente padronizado, CP = 0,112; p = 0,001), maior consumo de álcool (CP = 0,168; p = 0,019) e de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001) foram associados a sonolência diurna excessiva nos adolescentes; a melhor situação socioeconômica também foi associada a este desfecho (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001). A inatividade física (CP = 0,147; p < 0,001) e o maior consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,089; p = 0,003) também se associaram com a qualidade do sono ruim. O excesso de peso não foi mediador e nem associado à qualidade do sono ou à sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT estão associados a piores parâmetros do sono já na adolescência; alertando para um quadro de acúmulos de riscos para distúrbios de sono no futuro.

Abstract This exploratory study investigated whether children with dental decay were more likely to have COVID-19 than those without caries. The children underwent dental inspection and blood collection for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Fifty-four children aged 6 to 9 years participated in the survey, which was conducted between March and June 2020 in the municipality of Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brazil. The diagnosis of caries was performed using the dmft and DMFT indices. Parents reported signs and symptoms of sickness in their children during this period. The serology test aimed to verify the immune response of the children to coronavirus by detecting IgM/IgG antibodies. Statistical analyses were performed at P < 0.05. The majority of the children presented caries (68.5%). Of the nine children who tested positive for COVID-19 (16.7%), eight presented IgG antibodies to the virus, and only one had IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV2. Children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had a higher percentage of caries lesions than those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (77.8% vs 65.9%), but this difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract The article sought to explore, from a constructionist perspective, the Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) as a Microworld for mathematical learning. Its constitution took place from qualitative exploratory research, in which an overview of the object is offered. In this process, bibliographical research was conducted, based on studies by authors such as Seymour Papert, Pierre Lèvy and marked by experimentation based on Guimarães, Silva, and Barbosa (2020). Thus, the objective was to study the feasibility of adopting AGV as a Microworld for mathematical learning, from the perspective of bricolage, simulation, and creative intelligence. The experience with the construction of AGV is more than the construction of a robot, it is the affirmation of the importance of Mathematics, virtual simulation in the conception of the real, and the tangible.

Resumo O artigo buscou explorar, em uma perspectiva construcionista, o Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) enquanto um Micromundo de aprendizagem matemática. A sua constituição se deu a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, ou seja, aquela em que se deseja oferecer uma visão geral sobre o objeto. Nesse processo, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, baseadas em estudos de autores como, por exemplo, Seymour Papert, Pierre Lèvy, e marcada pela experimentação baseada em Guimarães, Silva e Barbosa (2020). Assim, estabeleceu-se como objetivo estudar a viabilidade de adotar o AGV como micromundo de aprendizagem matemática, na perspectiva da bricolagem, simulação e inteligência criadora. A experiência com a construção do AGV é mais que a construção de um robô, é a afirmação da importância da Matemática, do simulador virtual na concepção do real, do tangível.

Resumo Introdução A exposição a múltiplos fatores de riscos de forma simultânea podem repercutir negativamente no estado de saúde de pessoas idosas. Objetivo Identificar a presença simultânea de fatores de risco modificáveis e sua associação com a autopercepção negativa de saúde de idosos. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal com 310 idosos do município de Ibicuí-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre fatores de riscos – consumo regular de álcool, tabagismo, inatividade física no lazer (IFL), consumo inadequado de frutas, verduras e legumes (CIFVL) – por meio de entrevistas. Na análise dos dados foram utilizados procedimentos da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Maiores escores de cluster foram observados na combinação do consumo regular de álcool e CIFVL em homens e a combinação de tabagismo e IFL entre as mulheres. A presença cumulativa de fatores de risco incrementou a probabilidade de autopercepção negativa do estado de saúde. Contudo, não houve associação entre as variáveis. Conclusão Houve diferença entre as principais combinações de cluster entre homens e mulheres. As combinações de fatores de riscos relacionadas à percepção negativa de saúde podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção da saúde para a população idosa.

Abstract Background Exposure to multiple risk factors simultaneously can negatively impact the health status of older people. Objective To identify the simultaneous presence of modifiable risk factors and their association with the negative self-perception of elderly health. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 310 elderly people in the city of Ibicuí-BA. Information on risk factors – regular consumption of alcohol, smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity (IFL), inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (CIFVL) – was collected through interviews. In the data analysis procedures of descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results Highest cluster scores were observed for the combination of regular alcohol consumption and CIFVL in men and the combination of smoking and IFL among women. The cumulative presence of risk factors increased the probability of negative self-perception of health status, although there was no statistically significant association. Conclusion There was a difference between the main cluster combinations between men and women. The combination of risk factors related to negative perception of health can contribute to the development of health promotion actions for the elderly population.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents from public schools in a capital in northeastern Brazil. It is a study including information from three cross-sectional surveys carried out in 2001, 2009 and 2017, with 2,496 students aged 10 to 18 years of both sexes living in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Overweight was assessed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) and abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, with constant effect, was used to assess the variation of anthropometric indicators over the period. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of overweight increased by 103% and the indicators of abdominal obesity increased by 153% and 142%, respectively, in the period under analysis. The increase in the mean body mass index and waist-to-height ratio was greater among adolescents and in the mean BMI and waist circumference among those aged 14 to 18 years old. The conclusion reached was that there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the period 2001 to 2017 among adolescents in the city of Salvador.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a variação temporal da ocorrência do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo incluindo informações de três levantamentos transversais realizados nos anos de 2001, 2009 e 2017, com 2.496 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea para idade (IMC/I) e obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela circunferência da cintura e razão cintura-estatura. A regressão Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), de efeito constante foi utilizada para avaliar a variação dos indicadores antropométricos ao longo do período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de excesso de peso cresceu 103% e os indicadores da obesidade abdominal cresceram 153% e 142%, respectivamente no período analisado. Aumento na média do Índice de Massa Corpórea e da Razão cintura estatura foi maior entre as adolescentes e da média do IMC e da circunferência da cintura entre aqueles de 14 a 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que houve expressivo crescimento nas prevalências do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal no período de 2001 a 2017 entre os adolescentes da cidade de Salvador.